Logistika tizimi tushunchasi

The logistika system is an essential element for a successful business

Today, it is relevant that the logistika system is an integral element for the stable functioning of a business in today's market conditions.

A logistika system is a complex organizationally completed economic system that consists of subsystems interconnected in a single process of managing financial, personnel, material, information, service and related flows, and the tasks of functioning of these links are united by the internal goals of the business organization and external goals.

Let us consider in more detail the concept of a logistika system, its purpose, properties and types.

The concept of a logistika system

There are various systems that ensure the functioning of the economic mechanism. In this set, it is necessary to single out the logistika systems in order to analyze and improve them.

The generally accepted definition of a logistika system says that a logistika system is an adaptive feedback system that performs certain logistika functions. It, as a rule, consists of several subsystems and has developed connections with the external environment.

The purpose of the logistika system is the delivery of goods and products to a given place, in the right quantity and assortment, prepared to the maximum extent possible for industrial or personal consumption at a given level of costs.

The logistika system is characterized by a number of properties:

1. Tizim elementlarining muvofiqligi (yakuniy maqsadlar birligi);
2. the relationship of the elements of the logistika system (in external systems, the relationship is ensured by the conclusion of an agreement between the parties, in the internal logistika system, the relationship is provided by intra-production relations of the elements);
3. Muayyan buyurtma, tashkil etuvchi tizim elementlari o'rtasidagi bog'liqlik;
4. ajralmas mulk (tizimning yagona elementi emas, I.E. Tizim funktsiyalarini amalga oshirishi, ishlab chiqarish va marketingning funktsiyalarini amalga oshirishi, tizimning funktsiyalarini bajara oladi; tizimning har bir elementi faqat birlashishi mumkin boshqa elementlar bilan).

The objects of the logistika system are enterprises and organizations that have a bank account, their own seal, an independent balance sheet (industrial, construction, transport, supply and marketing organizations); glossings (regional and interregional complexes - fuel and energy, energy systems and associations, etc).

All objects operating outside the logistika system belong to the external environment and are included in other logistika systems.

Makrologik va mikrologiya tizimlari

In many sources, logistika systems are divided into macrologistika and micrologistika.

Mergologiya tizimi - bu mamlakatning turli mintaqalarida joylashgan turli bo'limlar, turli bo'limlar, turli bo'limlarning vositachi korxonalari va tashkilotlari, vositachi, savdo va transport tashkilotlari. Mergologiya tizimi mintaqa iqtisodiyotining ayrim infratuzilmasi, mamlakatlar yoki mamlakatlar guruhi. Turli mamlakatlarni qamrab oladigan makro-logistika tizimini shakllantirishda, xalqaro iqtisodiy munosabatlarning huquqiy va iqtisodiy jihatlari, mamlakatlarning transport qonunchiligidagi tovarlarni etkazib berishning huquqiy va iqtisodiy xususiyatlari bilan bog'liq qiyinchiliklarni engib o'tish zarur. bir qator boshqa to'siqlar. Davlatlararo dasturlardagi makro-logistika tizimlarini shakllantirish yagona iqtisodiy kosmik, ichki chegaralarsiz yagona bozor, tovarlar, kapital, axborot va mehnat resurslarini tashish uchun yagona bozorni yaratishni talab qiladi.

Mikrokriya tizimlari - bu quyi tizimlar, macrologiyasining tarkibiy qismlari. Bularga turli xil sanoat va tijorat korxonalari, hududiy ishlab chiqarish majmualari kiradi. Mikrokriya tizimlari yagona infratuzilma tomonidan birlashtirilgan texnologik jihatdan tegishli sohalarni o'z ichiga olgan texnologik jihatdan ishlab chiqarish logistika tizimlari sinfidir.

Ulanish orqali logistika tizimlarining turlari

Uch xil logistika tizimlari mavjud: to'g'ridan-to'g'ri havolalar, moslashuvchan va qatlamli logistika tizimlari.

To'g'ridan-to'g'ri ulanishlar bilan logistika tizimi. Materiallar oqimi mahsulot ishlab chiqaruvchisidan %% iste'molchining iste'molchisiga (masalan, elektr energiyasini ishlab chiqarish va iste'mol qilish) olib boradi.

Qatlamli logistika tizimi. Moddiy oqim yo'lida kamida bitta vositachi mavjud. Masalan, kompyuter texnologiyalarining elektron elementlarining ulgurji asoslari.

Moslashuvchan logistika tizimi. Ishlab chiqaruvchining iste'molchidan iste'molchiga iste'molchiga iste'molchiga harakati to'g'ridan-to'g'ri va vositachi orqali amalga oshirilishi mumkin. Masalan, metallurgiya kombinatidan etkazib berish yirik mashinasozlik korxonalarini buyurtmalarda amalga oshiradi, shuningdek kichik va o'rta korxonalarni sotish uchun ulgurji savdo bazasiga olib borilmoqda.

Logistika tizimlari to'g'risidagi ma'lumotlarni umumlashtirish

Tizim nazariyasi nuqtai nazaridan, logistika tizimi ma'lum logistika funktsiyalari va operatsiyalarini bajaradigan moslashuvchan fikrlar tizimidir. Logistika tizimi bir nechta quyi tizimlardan iborat bo'lishi mumkin va tashqi muhit bilan aloqalarni ishlab chiqdi.

Logistika tizimi ushbu bozor sharoitida korxonaning barqaror ishlashi uchun muhim element hisoblanadi.

Bu barcha turdagi logistika tizimlarida moliyaviy, kadrlar, ma'lumot, xizmat, xizmat ko'rsatish, xizmat ko'rsatish, xizmat ko'rsatish va bog'liq oqimlarni boshqarishning yagona jarayonida bog'langan kompleks tashkiliy iqtisodiy tizim.

Logistika tizimi sifatida turli korxonalar sifatida sanoat, savdo, transport, moliyaviy, vositachilik va ularning majmualari ko'rib chiqilishi mumkin.

Logistika tizimi, har qanday boshqa tizim kabi ba'zi xususiyatlarga ega:

1. Yaxlitlik - tizimning qismlarining yagona maqsadli faoliyat bilan ichki munosabatlar. Benuqsonlik asosi individual qismlarning yaqin o'zaro bog'liqligi.
2. Avtonomiya - tizimning ta'siridan qat'i nazar, tizimning ishlashi va rivojlanishi qobiliyati.
3. Ichki aloqalari - tizim elementlari bir-biri bilan bog'liq, tizimning elementlari o'rtasidagi aloqalar tashqi muhit bilan aloqa elementlarining ulanishlaridan kuchliroqdir. Ichki havolalar ma'lum bir tarzda buyuriladi, i.e. Tizimning tuzilishini shakllantiradi.
4. Tizimning murakkabligi elementlar soni, ularning o'zaro ta'siri xususiyati, bajarilgan funktsiyalarning murakkabligi, ekologik omillar va boshqalar bilan belgilanadi.
5. Atrof-muhit bilan o'zaro ta'sir.

Logistika tizimining o'ziga xosligi - bu oqimli jarayon va tizim yaxlitligi mavjud.

Tez-Tez Beriladigan Savollar

Ushbu maqolada muhokama qilinganidek, logistika tizimining asosiy tarkibiy qismlari nimada?

Ushbu modda logistika tizimining, shu jumladan transport, omborni boshqarish, buyurtmalarni boshqarish, buyurtmalarni qayta ishlash va ushbu tarkibiy qismlarning samarali tovarlar harakati va ta'minot zanjiri menejmenti uchun asosiy tarkibiy qismlari keltirilgan.